Harm thoughts

Am I Dangerous? What the Fear Itself Tells You

The answer, once, and then the more useful thing: why you have asked it forty times, why the answer never holds, and what to do with the question instead.

4 min readBy Everyday Psychology

You have asked this before. Possibly tonight, possibly for months. So this page is going to answer it once, properly, and then do something that will be more useful than answering it again: explain why the answer has never held.

The answer, once

Having thoughts about hurting someone, and being horrified by them, does not make you dangerous.

These thoughts are what clinicians call ego-dystonic, meaning at odds with who you are and what you value. That is precisely why they distress you. A thought about harming someone does not horrify a person who wants to harm someone; it horrifies a person for whom the idea is unbearable. The pattern that fills clinics is defined by over-control, over-caution and avoidance, which is the opposite signature to the one you are afraid of.

The raw material is also entirely ordinary. When researchers collected the intrusive thoughts of people with no psychiatric diagnosis, harm themes ran throughout, overlapping heavily with the obsessions of clinical patients. A study across six continents found 94 percent of people report intrusive thoughts.

That is the answer. It is true, it is well evidenced, and it is the same answer you found last time.

Now the part that is actually worth your evening.

Why you are back

Notice something about tonight. This is probably not the first time you have looked this up. The answer was no last time too. It helped for a while, and then the question came back wearing a slight disguise: yes, but is it normal that mine are this specific? This frequent? That I felt something in my hand?

That loop has a mechanism, and it is worth understanding because it explains your whole year.

Each time you check, search, or ask someone, your anxiety drops. Relief is a reward, and your brain is a learning machine. What it records is not "I am safe." What it records is that question was dangerous, and the checking is what made me safe. So the alarm gets louder next time, and asks for a bigger dose.

There is a name for the checking: a compulsion, meaning anything you do to make the distress of a thought go away. It counts even when it is invisible, and here it usually is. Reviewing your past for evidence. Mentally listing the things you would never do. Searching at 2am. Asking a partner whether you seem alright, in slightly different words each time.

So the honest thing this page can do is tell you the truth once and then decline to be the fortieth dose. Re-reading it nightly would just be the ritual with better sources.

Why the answer cannot hold

There is a second reason, underneath the first, and it is the one that finally lands for most people.

The doubt is not a question awaiting information. It is a feeling looking for a discharge.

You can tell because of what happens when the information arrives. A genuine question, answered, closes. This one produces a new "but what if" from a slightly different angle, within hours, indefinitely. That is not what a question does. That is what an alarm does when you keep acknowledging it.

And there is a standard you have been chasing that does not exist for anyone: certainty about your own future behaviour. Nobody has it. The people who are not frightened are not more certain than you. They are simply not asking, and their not asking is why the question has no power over them.

What the fear itself tells you

The title of this page is not decoration. The fear is informative, just not in the direction you have been reading it.

Alarm is generated by the collision between a thought and your values. Which means your horror is evidence of that clash: a sign of how far the thought sits from what you want, not of a hidden wish.

That is worth absorbing once, properly, and then leaving alone. Litigating it nightly is the fight, and the fight is what keeps the thought loud.

The one situation this page will not reassure

There is a line here, and it matters more than everything above.

An intrusive thought is unwanted. It is alien, it is resisted, and it makes you more careful rather than less. That is the thing this page has been describing.

If a thought about harming yourself or anyone else has stopped feeling unwanted, if it has become something you turn over rather than push away, if it comes with a sense of relief or resolve or with any kind of planning, that is not this and nothing above applies to it. That needs a real person today, not an article. The numbers at the foot of this page are answered by people who will not be shocked and will not judge you, and using them is not an admission of anything.

What to do with the question next time

The skill is to leave it unanswered.

The victory condition is not certainty and it is not calm. It is sixty seconds in which the question was present and you did not service it.

This is also why reading has not been enough. Brains do not update from arguments; they update from experience. That is the central finding of modern work on exposure, and it is why the hundred times you have proven your own safety to yourself have never held past breakfast. What reaches the fear is repeatedly not answering it and finding that nothing happens.

The full mechanism, including why the urge-like sensation in your body is an alarm bracing rather than a hand deciding, is on the harm thoughts page. And if you want to know which theme your thoughts belong to, the free two-minute self-check will name it, privately, in two minutes.

Once, though. Then go and do something else.

Common questions

Does having bad thoughts about hurting someone mean I am dangerous?

No. These thoughts are ego-dystonic, meaning at odds with your values, which is why they horrify you rather than tempting you. The pattern that brings people to clinics is defined by over-caution, avoidance and dread. That is worth reading once. Reading it repeatedly is the compulsion, and it is what keeps the fear alive.

Why do I keep asking whether I am dangerous?

Because asking works, briefly. Each time you check, search or seek reassurance, the anxiety drops, and your brain records that the question was urgent and the checking was necessary. So it returns sooner and sharper, needing a bigger dose. The re-asking is not a sign of danger; it is the mechanism of the disorder operating.

Can an intrusive thought turn into an action?

Intrusive thoughts and intentions are different experiences that behave differently. An intrusive thought is unwanted, resisted and dreaded, and it makes people more careful rather than less. An intention is wanted and comes with planning rather than horror. If a thought has stopped feeling unwanted, that is a different situation and it needs a person today.

Why does the reassurance never last?

Because the doubt is not a question awaiting information. It is a feeling looking for a discharge. Any answer produces a new "but what if" from a slightly different angle, indefinitely, which is why people can prove their own safety a hundred times and be back at it by morning.

What should I do instead of checking?

Let the question stand unanswered. When it arrives, name what you are about to do in one flat word, then leave it open for sixty seconds while you carry on with what you were doing. The victory condition is not certainty; it is a stretch of time in which the question was there and you did not service it.

References

  1. Rachman, S., & de Silva, P. (1978). Abnormal and normal obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy . doi:10.1016/0005-7967(78)90022-0
  2. Radomsky, A. S., Alcolado, G. M., Abramowitz, J. S., et al. (2014). Part 1. You can run but you can't hide: Intrusive thoughts on six continents. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders . doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.09.002
  3. Wegner, D. M. (1994). Ironic processes of mental control. Psychological Review . doi:10.1037/0033-295X.101.1.34
  4. Craske, M. G., Treanor, M., Conway, C. C., Zbozinek, T., & Vervliet, B. (2014). Maximizing exposure therapy: An inhibitory learning approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy . doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.04.006